02+Measurements+and+Calculations

=Objectives= Chapter 2.1 Key Concepts
 * How can properties used to describe matter be classified?
 * Why do all samples of a substance have the smae intensive properties?
 * what are three states of matter?
 * How can physical changes be classified?

Chapter 2.2 Key Concepts
 * How can mixtures be classified?
 * How can mixtures be separated?

Chapter 2.3 Key Concepts
 * How are elements and compounds different?
 * How can substances and mixtures be distinguished?
 * What do chemists use to represent elements and compounds

Chapter 2.4 Key Concepts
 * What always happens during a chemical change?
 * What are four possible clues that a chemical change has taken place?
 * How are the mass of the reactants and the mass of the products of a chemical reaction related?

=Outlined Notes= I. Properties of Matter** 1. Properties used to describe matter can be classified as extensive or intensive. 2. Extensive Properties a. An __extensive property__ is a property that depends on the amount of matter in a sample b. __mass__- A measure of the amount of matter the object contains. c. __volume__- A measure of the space occupied by an object d. Both mass and volume are examples of extensive properties. 3. Intensive Property a. An __intensive propety__ is a property that depends on the type of matter in a sample, not the amount of matter. b. Hardness/texture is an example of intensive properties. 1. every sample of a given pure substance has identical intensive properties because every sample has the same composition a. __substance-__ the matter that has uniform and definite composition b. __physical property-__ is a quality or condition of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the substance's composition. c. Hardness, color, conductivity, melting and boiling points, and malleability are examples of physical properties 1. The three states of matter are liquids, solids, and gases. a. a solid is a form of matter that has definite shape and volume. b. a liquid is a form of matter that has indefinite shape, yet has fixed volume. c. a gas is a form of matter that takes both the shape and volume of the container holding it. 1. physical changes can be classified as reversible and inreversible.
 * __Ch. 2 Matter and Change__
 * //A.//** Describing matter
 * //B.//** Identify Substances
 * //C.//** State of Matter
 * //D.//** Physical Changes


 * II. Mixtures**

1. A mixture is a physical blend of two or more components 2. Based on the distribution of their components, mixtures can be classified as heterogeneous mixtures or as homogeneous mixtures. 3. __Heterogeneous Mixtures__ a. A mixture in which the composition is not uniform throughout is a heterogeneous mixture. 4. __Homogeneous Mixtures__ a. A mixture in which the composition is uniform throughout is a homogeneous mixture. b. Another name for a homogeneous mixture is a solution. 5. The term phase is used to describe any part of a sample with uniform composition and properties. a. A homogenous mixture consists of a single phase. b. A heterogeneous mixture consists of two or more phases. Steel is a homogeneous mixture 1. Differences in physical properties can be used to separate mixtures. 2. The process that separates a solid from the liquid in a heterogeneous mixture is called filtration. 3. Distillation a. During a distillation, a liquid is boiled to produce a vapor that is then condensed into a liquid.
 * A. C****lassifying Mixtures**
 * B. Separating Mixtures**


 * III. Elements and Compounds

A. Distinguishing Elements and Compounds** 1. An element is the simplest form of matter that has a unique set of properties. 2. A compound is a substance that contains two or more elements chemically combined in a fixed proportion. 3. Compounds can be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means, but elements cannot. 4. Breaking Down Compounds a. A chemical change is a change that produces matter with a different composition than the original matter. 5. Properties of Compounds a. In general, the properties of compounds are quite different from those of their component elements. 1. If the composition of a material is fixed, the material is a substance. If the composition of a material may vary, the material is a mixture. 1. Chemists use chemical symbols to represent elements, and chemical formulas to represent compounds.
 * Oxygen and Hydrogen are two of the more then 100 know elements.
 * Carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen are chemically combined in the compound sucrose, the sugar in spun sugar.
 * B. Distinguishing Substances and Mixtures**
 * C. Symbols and Formulas**


 * IV Chemical Reactions**

1. The ability of a substance to undergo a specific chemical change is called a chemical property. 2. During a chemical change, the composition of matter always changes. 3. A chemical change is also called a chemical reaction. 4. One or more substances change into one or more new substances during a chemical reaction. 5. A substance present at the start of the reaction is a reactant. 6. A substance produced in the reaction is a product. 1. Possible clues to chemical change include: a. a transfer of energy b. a change in color c. the production of a gas d. the formation of a precipitate. 2. A precipitate is a solid that forms and settles out of a liquid mixture. 1. During any chemical reaction, the mass of the products is always equal to the mass of the reactants. 2. The law of conservation of mass states that in any physical change or chemical reaction, mass is conserved.
 * A.** **Chemical Changes**
 * B. Recognizing Chemical Changes**
 * C.** **Conservation of Mass**

=Reference Pages=

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**Practice Problems**








(the average is accurate) not precise || precise not accurate || accurate and precise ||
 * [[image:http://www.chem.tamu.edu/class/fyp/mathrev/pics/mr-sf-1.gif align="center"]] || [[image:http://www.chem.tamu.edu/class/fyp/mathrev/pics/mr-sf-2.gif align="center"]] || [[image:http://www.chem.tamu.edu/class/fyp/mathrev/pics/mr-sf-3.gif align="center"]] ||
 * accurate

=Assignments=

=Labs= []

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