25+Nuclear+Chemistry

=Objectives=


 * An unstable nucleus loses energy by emitting radiation during the process of radioactive decay
 * The three main types of radiation are alpha radiation, beta radiation and gamma radiation


 * The type of radioactive decay that occurs depends on the neutron-to-proton ratio of unstable nucleus
 * After each half life, half of the existing atoms have decayed into atoms of a new element
 * Transmutation can occur by radioactive decay, and can also occur when particles bombard the nucleus of an atom

25.4 Radiation in your life
 * In a chain reaction, some of the neutrons produced react with other fissionable atoms, producing more neutrons which react with still more fissionable atoms
 * Spent fuel rods are stored in on-site pools of water to asorb the heat they continue generating and to help reduce radiation levels
 * In nuclear fusion light nuclei fuse to make more massive nuclei. In fission, massive nuclei split apart to form less massive nuclei.


 * Radiation may be detected with a Geiger counter or a scintillation counter. A film badge monitors radiation exposure of individuals who work with radioactive materials
 * Radioactivity and radiation are used in medical diagnosis, and in the treatment of some disease, including some forms of cancer

=Outlined Notes= HALEY'S!!!! PLEASE PLEASE PLEASE don't do these thanks :)

A. Radioactivity
1) 1896: French chemist Antoine Henri Becquerel and his associates Marie and Pierre Currie accidently discovered the radiation in fogged photography plates. Marie made the process of giving off such rays, radioactivity. The rays and particles emitted from a radioactive source are called radiation. 2) In nuclear reactions, the nuclei of unstable isotopes, radioisotopes, gain stability by emitting large amounts of energy. Nuclear reactions are not affected in changes of temperature, pressure or presence of catalysts. These reactions can't be sped up, slowed down or turned off. 3) An unstable nucleus releases energy by emitting radiation during the process of radioactive decay; which is spontaneous and doesn't require any input of energy.

B. Types of Radiation
1) Three main types: Alpha, Beta, and Gamma a)

=Reference Pages=
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=Practice Problems=

1. The half life of a specific element was calculated to be 5200 years. Calculate the decay constant (k). [] 2. If a watch contains a radioactive substance with a decay rate of 1.40 * 10-2 and after 50 years only 25 mg remain, calculate the amount originally present. [] 3. A rock contains 0.257 mg of lead-206 for every mg of uranium-238. The half-life decay for uranium to turn into lead is 4.5x 109 yr. How old is the rock? []

=Assignments=

=Labs=

=Sample Test= []
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= = =**Links [] [[[http://www.sciencegeek.net/Chemistry/taters/Unit1NuclearChemistry.htm] [] ||~ p**= =[[image:http://creationwiki.org/pool/images/thumb/6/66/Nuclear_reactor.png/350px-Nuclear_reactor.png width="350" height="235" link="http://creationwiki.org/File:Nuclear_reactor.png"]][[image:http://www.greenanole.com/chemistry/images/AnimAtom.gif]][[image:http://www.meta-synthesis.com/webbook/32_n-synth/180px-Crab_Nebula.jpg width="180" height="179" link="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernova"]]=